{"id":38351,"date":"2023-11-30T10:10:57","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T10:10:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?p=38351"},"modified":"2023-11-30T10:16:13","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T10:16:13","slug":"andreas-kappeler-rusi-i-ukrajinci-nejednaka-braca-od-srednjeg-veka-do-danas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?p=38351","title":{"rendered":"Andreas Kappeler, \u201eRusi i Ukrajinci: Nejednaka bra\u0107a. Od srednjeg veka do danas\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

U prijevodu s njema\u010dkog Ranke Ga\u0161i\u0107, Biblioteka XX vek objavila je 2023. knjigu Andreasa Kappelera \u201eRusi i Ukrajinci: Nejednaka bra\u0107a. Od srednjeg veka do danas\u201c. Drago nam je da se radi o knjizi na koju smo zbog svog pristupa historije isprepletanja upozorili na portalu<\/a> prije nekoliko godina. Poticaj je to i hrvatskoj historiografiji i kulturi da aktualne prijelomne doga\u0111aje koji imaju sna\u017enu povijesnu pozadinu i globalne u\u010dinke poprati sa \u0161to vi\u0161e stru\u010dnih prijevoda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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An\u00addre\u00adas Ka\u00adpe\u00adler (An\u00addre\u00adas Kap\u00adpe\u00adler, 1943) je \u0161vaj\u00adcar\u00adski isto\u00adri\u00ad\u010dar, pro\u00adfe\u00adsor eme\u00adri\u00adtus na Ode\u00adlje\u00adnju za isto\u00adri\u00adju is\u00adto\u010d\u00adne Evro\u00adpe na Uni\u00adver\u00adzi\u00adte\u00adtu u Be\u00ad\u010du. Od 2016. go\u00addi\u00adne Ka\u00adpe\u00adler je\u00a0 od\u00adgo\u00advo\u00adri ured\u00adnik jed\u00adnog o naj\u00adva\u00ad\u017eni\u00adjih \u010da\u00adso\u00adpi\u00adsa po\u00adsve\u00ad\u0107e\u00adnih is\u00adtra\u00ad\u017ei\u00adva\u00adnju Is\u00adto\u010d\u00adne Evro\u00adpe \u2013 Go\u00addi\u0161\u00adnjak<\/em> za<\/em> isto\u00adri\u00adju\u00ad Ju\u00adgo\u00adi\u00adsto\u010d\u00adne<\/em> Evro\u00adpe<\/em> (Ja\u00adhrb\u00fccher<\/em> f\u00fcr<\/em> Osteurop\u00e4ische<\/em> Geschic\u00adhte<\/em>). Glav\u00adno pod\u00adru\u010d\u00adje nje\u00adgo\u00advog ra\u00adda je isto\u00adri\u00adja Ru\u00adsi\u00adje i na\u00adro\u00adda ko\u00adji su bi\u00adli u nje\u00adnom sa\u00adsta\u00advu. Pri\u00adzna\u00adti je stru\u010d\u00adnjak za isto\u00adri\u00adju mu\u00adsli\u00adma\u00adna u Ru\u00adsi\u00adji i cen\u00adtral\u00adnoj Azi\u00adji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u00adpe\u00adler je od 1996. go\u00addi\u00adne ino\u00adstra\u00adni \u010dlan Na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnal\u00adne aka\u00adde\u00admije na\u00adu\u00adka Ukra\u00adji\u00adne i \u010cu\u00adva\u0161\u00adke aka\u00adde\u00admije na\u00adu\u00adka, a  2001. go\u00addi\u00adne po\u00adstao je \u010dlan Au\u00adstrij\u00adske akad\u00ademi\u00adje na\u00adu\u00adka.  Od \u010cu\u00adva\u0161\u00adkog dr\u00ad\u017eav\u00adnog uni\u00adver\u00adzi\u00adte\u00adta u \u010ce\u00adbok\u00adsa\u00adri\u00adju (Ru\u00adska Fe\u00adde\u00adra\u00adci\u00adja), do\u00adbio je  2007. go\u00addi\u00adne zva\u00adnje po\u010dasnog dok\u00adto\u00adra na\u00adu\u00adka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po jed\u00adnu mo\u00adno\u00adgra\u00adfi\u00adju Ka\u00adpe\u00adler po\u00adsve\u00adtio je isto\u00adri\u00adja\u00adma Ru\u00adsi\u00adje i Ukra\u00adji\u00adne:\u00a0 Isto\u00adri\u00adja Ru\u00adsi\u00adje <\/em>( Rus\u00adsische Geschic\u00adhte<\/em>, Beck, M\u00fcnchen 2016, 7. iz\u00adda\u00adnje) i\u00a0 Krat\u00adka\u00a0 isto\u00adri\u00adja Ukra\u00adji\u00adne<\/em> (Kle\u00adi\u00adne Geschic\u00adthe der Ukra\u00adi\u00adne, <\/em>Beck, M\u00fcnchen 2022, 8. iz\u00adda\u00adnje).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Iz Predgovora<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ova knji\u00adga pra\u00adti me\u00adto\u00addo\u00adlo\u0161\u00adki pri\u00adstup po\u00adznat kao \u201cukr\u0161\u00adte\u00adna\u201d ili \u201cpre\u00adple\u00adte\u00adna\u201d isto\u00adri\u00adja, \u0161to zna\u00ad\u010di da se ob\u00adra\u00ad\u0111u\u00adju me\u00ad\u0111u\u00adsob\u00adne ve\u00adze, tran\u00adsfe\u00adri, kon\u00adtak\u00adti i su\u00adko\u00adbi dr\u00ad\u017ea\u00adva, dru\u0161\u00adta\u00adva, na\u00adci\u00adja i kul\u00adtu\u00adra. Po\u00adseb\u00adnu pa\u00ad\u017enju po\u00adsve\u00ad\u0107u\u00adjem pro\u00ad\u017ei\u00adma\u00adnju ide\u00adja, per\u00adcep\u00adci\u00adja, isto\u00adrij\u00adskih na\u00adra\u00adti\u00adva, kultur\u00e2 se\u00ad\u0107a\u00adnja i politik\u00e2 istorije. S dru\u00adge stra\u00adne, po\u00adsta\u00advljam i pi\u00adta\u00adnja o pro\u00adce\u00adsi\u00adma raz\u00addva\u00adja\u00adnja, dis\u00adtan\u00adci\u00adra\u00adnja, i za\u00adseb\u00adnom pu\u00adtu raz\u00advo\u00adja. Na ovaj na\u00ad\u010din se mo\u00ad\u017ee iz\u00adlo\u00ad\u017ei\u00adti hi\u00adsto\u00adi\u00adre cro\u00adis\u00e9e<\/em> ru\u00adsko-ukra\u00adjin\u00adskih od\u00adno\u00adsa kao in\u00adter\u00adak\u00adci\u00adja pre\u00adple\u00adta\u00adnja i ras\u00adple\u00adta\u00adnja. Pri\u00ad tom, sva\u00adka\u00adko, ni\u00adje uvek ja\u00adsno ko se s kim i \u0161\u00adta se s \u010dim pre\u00adpli\u00ad\u0107e. Poj\u00admo\u00advi \u201cru\u00adski\u201d i \u201cukra\u00adjin\u00adski\u201d pod\u00adlo\u00ad\u017eni su stal\u00adnoj pro\u00adme\u00adni, me\u00adnja\u00adju sa\u00addr\u00ad\u017eaj i bi\u00adva\u00adju za\u00adme\u00adnje\u00adni dru\u00adgim poj\u00admo\u00advi\u00adma, i kla\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00adka\u00adci\u00adja ovih poj\u00admo\u00adva ni\u00adje uvek jed\u00adno\u00adzna\u010d\u00adna. Da bi se na\u00adpra\u00advi\u00adla raz\u00adli\u00adka u od\u00adno\u00adsu na esen\u00adci\u00adja\u00adli\u00adsti\u010d\u00adke pred\u00adsta\u00adve o li\u00adne\u00adar\u00adnom to\u00adku for\u00admi\u00adra\u00adnja na\u00adci\u00adje, po\u00adtreb\u00adno je uze\u00adti u ob\u00adzir hi\u00adbrid\u00adne po\u00adjav\u00adne for\u00adme, vi\u00ad\u0161e\u00adstru\u00adke i si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00adci\u00ado\u00adne iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adka\u00adci\u00adje. Na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnal\u00adne ka\u00adte\u00adgo\u00adri\u00adje su bi\u00adle u kon\u00adku\u00adren\u00adci\u00adji sa im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00adjal\u00adnim, re\u00adgi\u00ado\u00adnal\u00adnim, ver\u00adskim i so\u00adci\u00adjal\u00adnim fak\u00adto\u00adri\u00adma, ili u ve\u00adzi sa nji\u00adma. Da ne bih iza\u00adzvao za\u00adbu\u00adnu, u da\u00adljem tek\u00adstu ko\u00adri\u00adstim sa\u00advre\u00adme\u00adne poj\u00admo\u00adve \u201cru\u00adski\u201d (\u0440\u0443\u0441\u00ad\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\/<\/strong>\u0440\u043e\u0441\u00ad\u0441\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/em>) i \u201cukra\u00adjin\u00adski\u201d, ia\u00adko se po\u00adme\u00adnu\u00adta raz\u00adli\u00adko\u00adva\u00adnja mo\u00adra\u00adju ima\u00adti u vi\u00addu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Knji\u00adga je hro\u00adno\u00adlo\u0161\u00adki po\u00adde\u00adlje\u00adna. Na po\u00ad\u010det\u00adku se ob\u00adja\u0161\u00adnja\u00adva na\u00adslov: Ru\u00adsi i Ukra\u00adjin\u00adci se ve\u00adko\u00advi\u00adma sma\u00adtra\u00adju brat\u00adskim na\u00adro\u00addi\u00adma, pri \u010de\u00admu su Ru\u00adsi uglav\u00adnom ima\u00adli ulo\u00adgu \u201cve\u00adli\u00adkog bra\u00adta\u201d (pr\u00advo po\u00adgla\u00advlje). Isto\u00adri\u00adja oba \u201cbra\u00adta\u201d po\u00ad\u010de\u00adla je u \u201cza\u00adjed\u00adni\u010d\u00adkoj ko\u00adlev\u00adci\u201d sred\u00adnjove\u00adkov\u00adne Ki\u00adjev\u00adske Ru\u00adsi\u00adje, oko \u010di\u00adjeg na\u00adsle\u00ad\u0111a se oni do da\u00adnas spo\u00adre (dru\u00adgo po\u00adgla\u00advlje). Usle\u00addi\u00adla je du\u00adga fa\u00adza raz\u00addva\u00adja\u00adnja i sa\u00admo\u00adstal\u00adnog raz\u00advo\u00adja, ko\u00adja je za\u00adpo\u00ad\u010de\u00adla sa upa\u00addom Mon\u00adgo\u00adla u 13. ve\u00adku i tra\u00adja\u00adla do 17. ve\u00adka (tre\u00ad\u0107e po\u00adgla\u00advlje). Na\u00adkon to\u00adga je usle\u00addi\u00adla epo\u00adha pri\u00adbli\u00ad\u017ea\u00adva\u00adnja, pra\u00ad\u0107e\u00adna in\u00adte\u00adgra\u00adci\u00adjom ve\u00ad\u0107i\u00adne Ukra\u00adji\u00adna\u00adca u Ru\u00adsko (\u0420\u043e\u0441\u00ad\u0441\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435<\/em>) car\u00adstvo i sve ve\u00ad\u0107im pro\u00ad\u017ei\u00adma\u00adnjem ukra\u00adjin\u00adskog i ru\u00adskog dru\u0161\u00adtva i kul\u00adtu\u00adre (\u010de\u00adtvr\u00adto po\u00adgla\u00advlje). Na\u00adred\u00adno po\u00adgla\u00advlje je po\u00adsve\u00ad\u0107e\u00adno for\u00admi\u00adra\u00adnju obe ove \u201cza\u00adka\u00adsne\u00adle na\u00adci\u00adje\u201d, ko\u00adje se od\u00advi\u00adja\u00adlo u te\u00adsnoj in\u00adter\u00adak\u00adci\u00adji, i ni\u00adje bi\u00adlo do\u00advr\u00ad\u0161e\u00adno sve do kra\u00adja Ru\u00adskog car\u00adstva, a tra\u00adje i da\u00adnas. U \u0161e\u00adstom po\u00adgla\u00advlju ob\u00adra\u00ad\u0111e\u00adni su asi\u00adme\u00adtri\u010d\u00adni ru\u00adsko-ukra\u00adjin\u00adski od\u00adno\u00adsi u Ru\u00adskom car\u00adstvu 19. i ra\u00adnog 20. ve\u00adka u po\u00adli\u00adti\u00adci, dru\u0161\u00adtvu i kul\u00adtu\u00adri, kao i nji\u00adho\u00adve uza\u00adjam\u00adne per\u00adcep\u00adci\u00adje. U iz\u00adla\u00adga\u00adnju pe\u00adri\u00ado\u00adda od 1917. do 1921. isto\u00adri\u00adju ru\u00adske re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00adje do\u00adpu\u00adnju\u00adjem isto\u00adri\u00adjom ukra\u00adjin\u00adske re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00adje, ko\u00adja je do\u00adve\u00adla do br\u00adze eman\u00adci\u00adpa\u00adci\u00adje \u201cma\u00adlog bra\u00adta\u201d (sed\u00admo po\u00adgla\u00advlje). Pro\u00admen\u00adlji\u00advi ru\u00adsko-ukra\u00adjin\u00adski od\u00adno\u00adsi u okvi\u00adru So\u00advjet\u00adskog Sa\u00adve\u00adza pred\u00admet su na\u00adred\u00adnog po\u00adgla\u00advlja, ko\u00adje po\u00adseb\u00adnu pa\u00ad\u017enju po\u00adkla\u00adnja spor\u00adnom pi\u00adta\u00adnju \u201cukra\u00adji\u00adni\u00adza\u00adci\u00adje\u201d 1920-ih go\u00addi\u00adna, ma\u00adsov\u00adnoj gla\u00addi 1932\/33. i ko\u00adla\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adci\u00adji Ukra\u00adji\u00adna\u00adca i Ru\u00adsa sa na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnal\u00adso\u00adci\u00adja\u00adli\u00adsti\u010d\u00adkom Ne\u00adma\u010d\u00adkom u Dru\u00adgom svet\u00adskom ra\u00adtu. De\u00adve\u00adto po\u00adgla\u00advlje po\u00adsve\u00ad\u0107e\u00adno je post\u00adso\u00advjet\u00adskoj isto\u00adri\u00adji Ru\u00adsi\u00adje i Ukra\u00adji\u00adne, sve do ru\u00adsko-ukra\u00adjin\u00adskog ra\u00adta. U epi\u00adlo\u00adgu go\u00advo\u00adrim o pro\u00adme\u00adna\u00adma za\u00adpad\u00adnih per\u00adcep\u00adci\u00adja Ukra\u00adji\u00adne i Ru\u00adsi\u00adje u toku isto\u00adri\u00adje (de\u00adse\u00adto po\u00adgla\u00advlje).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Izvor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kapelar, Andreas \u2013 Rusi i Ukrajinci<\/a><\/blockquote>