{"id":3744,"date":"2017-04-08T10:17:26","date_gmt":"2017-04-08T10:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?p=3744"},"modified":"2017-04-08T10:20:11","modified_gmt":"2017-04-08T10:20:11","slug":"max-bergholz-violence-as-a-generative-force-identity-nationalism-and-memory-in-a-balkan-community","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?p=3744","title":{"rendered":"Max Bergholz \u201cViolence as a Generative Force: Identity, Nationalism, and Memory in a Balkan Community\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cDuring two terrifying days and nights in early September 1941, the lives of nearly two thousand men, women, and children were taken savagely by their neighbors in Kulen Vakuf, a small rural community straddling today&#8217;s border between northwest Bosnia and Croatia\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Violence as a Generative Force<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Identity, Nationalism, and Memory in a Balkan Community<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Max Bergholz<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cornell University Press<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2016<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornellpress.cornell.edu\/book\/?GCOI=80140100065060\">http:\/\/www.cornellpress.cornell.edu\/book\/?GCOI=80140100065060<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>During two terrifying days and nights in early September 1941, the lives of nearly two thousand men, women, and children were taken savagely by their neighbors in Kulen Vakuf, a small rural community straddling today&#8217;s border between northwest Bosnia and Croatia. This frenzy\u2014in which victims were butchered with farm tools, drowned in rivers, and thrown into deep vertical caves\u2014was the culmination of a chain of local massacres that began earlier in the summer. In <em>Violence as a Generative Force<\/em>, Max Bergholz tells the story of the sudden and perplexing descent of this once peaceful multiethnic community into extreme violence. This deeply researched microhistory provides provocative insights to questions of global significance: What causes intercommunal violence? How does such violence between neighbors affect their identities and relations?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Contrary to a widely held view that sees nationalism leading to violence, Bergholz reveals how the upheavals wrought by local killing actually created dramatically new perceptions of ethnicity\u2014of oneself, supposed &#8220;brothers,&#8221; and those perceived as &#8220;others.&#8221; As a consequence, the violence forged new communities, new forms and configurations of power, and new practices of nationalism. The history of this community was marked by an unexpected explosion of locally executed violence by the few, which functioned as a generative force in transforming the identities, relations, and lives of the many. The story of this largely unknown Balkan community in 1941 provides a powerful means through which to rethink fundamental assumptions about the interrelationships among ethnicity, nationalism, and violence, both during World War II and more broadly throughout the world.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&#8220;Violence as a Generative Force is a beautifully written, insightful, theoretically driven, compelling book. Max Bergholz is a gifted storyteller who lures the reader into a deeply complex story of multisided civil conflict, one that challenges presumptions about the processes and motives of violence.&#8221;\u2014Emily Greble, City College of New York, author of <em>Sarajevo, 1941\u20131945: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Hitler&#8217;s Europe<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&#8220;Violence as a Generative Force sheds light on ethnic violence in original and illuminating ways. This remarkable book takes the gripping events in a small and often overlooked Bosnian community and places them in a startling new analytical perspective.&#8221;\u2014Edin Hajdarpasic, Loyola University Chicago, author of <em>Whose Bosnia? Nationalism and Political Imagination in the Balkans, 1840\u20131914<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&#8220;Violence in the Balkans has been overdescribed and underexplained. By dint of phenomenal research, vivid reconstruction, and meticulous analysis, Max Bergholz uncovers the truth about interethnic killing in a Bosnian provincial town during 1941. At once dispassionate, spirited, and profoundly responsible, his inquiry proves the transformative power of extreme violence to create identity. This excellent and enlightening book deserves the widest readership.&#8221;\u2014Mark Thompson, University of East Anglia, author of <em>Birth Certificate<\/em> and <em>A Paper House<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&#8220;Max Bergholz&#8217;s Violence as a Generative Force is meticulously researched, engagingly written, and discerning in its judgments. It offers important new insights into the intercommunal violence in Bosnia-Herzegovina during World War II, but even more importantly it makes a significant contribution to the study of the dynamics of mass violence and how violence shapes identity and social relations in multiethnic societies. It should appeal to a wide multidisciplinary audience.&#8221;\u2014Mark Biondich, Institute of European, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Carleton University, author of <em>The Balkans<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&#8220;Violence as a Generative Force is a rare and challenging piece of scholarship: an ethnography of the past that shows how humans&#8217; darkest capabilities can also produce new forms of social solidarity. Max Bergholz asks very big questions about very small places, which is precisely the way to understand that most awful of social phenomena: the decision by one set of neighbors to throw another set down a cave.&#8221;\u2014Charles King, Georgetown University, author of <em>Odessa and Midnight at the Pera Palace<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In this meticulously researched book, based on extensive archival work, Max Bergholz holds a microscope to a largely forgotten episode of violence in 1940s Bosnia. Informed by scholarship that spans multiple disciplines and regions, Bergholz&#8217;s powerful analysis shows how violence shapes ethnicity\u2014and in varied ways. While deeply anchored in Bosnia, this book has far-reaching implications for scholars of violence, social identity, and rural politics.&#8221;\u2014Scott Straus, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, author of <em>Making and Unmaking Nations<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Archives in Bosnia in Minutes and Hours<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>By Max Bergholz, author of <em>Violence as a Generative Force: Identity, Nationalism, and Memory in a Balkan Community<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cornellpress.wordpress.com\/2017\/02\/16\/archives-in-bosnia-in-minutes-and-hours\/\">https:\/\/cornellpress.wordpress.com\/2017\/02\/16\/archives-in-bosnia-in-minutes-and-hours\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[8,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knjige","category-novosti"],"acf":{"facebook_opis":""},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Bergholz.jpg?fit=671%2C1000&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":53169,"url":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?p=53169","url_meta":{"origin":3744,"position":0},"title":"Snimka razgovora sa Maxom Bergholzom &#8220;Da li je pravedno sje\u0107anje mogu\u0107e?&#8221;","author":"Branimir Jankovi\u0107","date":"12. svibnja 2026.","format":false,"excerpt":"KONT Talk \u201eDa li je pravedno sje\u0107anje mogu\u0107e?\u201c bio je razgovor sa Max Bergholz sa Concordia University, fokusiran na memorijalnu arhitekturu i na\u010dine na koje se pamte masovni zlo\u010dini. Razgovor je gra\u0111en kroz tri primjera: Kulen Vakuf, Garavice i Glina. U Kulen Vakufu otvorena je pri\u010da o cikli\u010dnom nasilju i\u2026","rel":"","context":"U &quot;Novosti&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Novosti","link":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?cat=3"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KONT-TALKS-MAX-BERGHOLZ.png?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KONT-TALKS-MAX-BERGHOLZ.png?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KONT-TALKS-MAX-BERGHOLZ.png?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KONT-TALKS-MAX-BERGHOLZ.png?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":52580,"url":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?p=52580","url_meta":{"origin":3744,"position":1},"title":"Conference &#8220;Living in the aftermaths: Trauma, politics and survival in Yugoslavia and successor states, 1945 \u2013 present&#8221;","author":"Branimir Jankovi\u0107","date":"21. travnja 2026.","format":false,"excerpt":"The conference aims to explore how war-related psychological distress was experienced, narrated, debated and reframed in Yugoslavia in the second half of the twentieth century. It asks how the theme of wounded psyche and wartime suffering was addressed and acknowledged in political, psychiatric and broader cultural discourses of socialist Yugoslavia,\u2026","rel":"","context":"U &quot;Novosti&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Novosti","link":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?cat=3"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Battle_of_Neretva_Picasso_poster-Conference-Living-in-the-aftermaths.webp?fit=564%2C954&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Battle_of_Neretva_Picasso_poster-Conference-Living-in-the-aftermaths.webp?fit=564%2C954&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Battle_of_Neretva_Picasso_poster-Conference-Living-in-the-aftermaths.webp?fit=564%2C954&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":52996,"url":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?p=52996","url_meta":{"origin":3744,"position":2},"title":"Nikolina \u017didek, &#8220;The Croatian Diaspora in Argentina&#8221;","author":"Filip \u0160imunjak","date":"8. svibnja 2026.","format":false,"excerpt":"Description Following the collapse of the fascist Independent State of Croatia (1941\u20131945), around 10,000 political \u00e9migr\u00e9s fled to Per\u00f3n\u2019s Argentina. This study traces the Croatian diaspora\u2019s evolution from its founding to the present. Initially marked by trauma \u2013 military defeat, exile, and reprisals\u2014the community redefined its identity within Cold War\u2026","rel":"","context":"U &quot;Knjige&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Knjige","link":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?cat=8"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/NIKOLINA-ZIDEK-%E2%80%9ETHE-CROATIAN-DIASPORA-IN-ARGENTINA-scaled.webp?fit=795%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/NIKOLINA-ZIDEK-%E2%80%9ETHE-CROATIAN-DIASPORA-IN-ARGENTINA-scaled.webp?fit=795%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/NIKOLINA-ZIDEK-%E2%80%9ETHE-CROATIAN-DIASPORA-IN-ARGENTINA-scaled.webp?fit=795%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/NIKOLINA-ZIDEK-%E2%80%9ETHE-CROATIAN-DIASPORA-IN-ARGENTINA-scaled.webp?fit=795%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":54031,"url":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?p=54031","url_meta":{"origin":3744,"position":3},"title":"Call for Book Chapters: Alternatives to the Nation-State: Federalism, Autonomy, and Post-Imperial Imaginaries in the Mediterranean Long Nineteenth Century","author":"Branimir Jankovi\u0107","date":"11. lipnja 2026.","format":false,"excerpt":"Workshop Date: September 24, 2026 - September 25, 2026 Location: Greece Subject Fields: Intellectual History, Modern European History \/ Studies \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"U &quot;Novosti&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Novosti","link":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?cat=3"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HNet_Logo_with_tag.png?fit=1200%2C424&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HNet_Logo_with_tag.png?fit=1200%2C424&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HNet_Logo_with_tag.png?fit=1200%2C424&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HNet_Logo_with_tag.png?fit=1200%2C424&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/HNet_Logo_with_tag.png?fit=1200%2C424&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":52641,"url":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?p=52641","url_meta":{"origin":3744,"position":4},"title":"CfP: WHO OWNS THE PAST? VERNACULAR MEMORY, STATE MEMORY, AND THE POLITICS OF OWNERSHIP","author":"Branimir Jankovi\u0107","date":"24. travnja 2026.","format":false,"excerpt":"VIENNA, 31ST AUGUST\u20133RD SEPTEMBER 2026 (DEADLINE: 24TH APRIL 2026) The Center for Austrian Studies at the European Forum at the Hebrew University and the Austrian Academy of Sciences\/Institute of Culture Studies invite early postdocs, PhD candidates, and advanced Master\u2019s students from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and universities and academic\u2026","rel":"","context":"U &quot;Novosti&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Novosti","link":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?cat=3"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/hsozkult.png?fit=1006%2C241&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/hsozkult.png?fit=1006%2C241&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/hsozkult.png?fit=1006%2C241&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/hsozkult.png?fit=1006%2C241&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":52742,"url":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?p=52742","url_meta":{"origin":3744,"position":5},"title":"The Violent 1950s: Towards a New History of the Global \u201cPostwar\u201d Decade, Washington, DC, 25th\u201326th February 2027 (Deadline: 12th June 2026)","author":"Filip \u0160imunjak","date":"4. svibnja 2026.","format":false,"excerpt":"This international conference aims to reassess the so-called postwar years. Reconceptualizing the 1950s as a deeply violent decade, marked not by the absence of conflict, but rather by its reconfiguration on all levels, the conference explores the manifold societal, political, and everyday manifestations of violence in the twilight phase of\u2026","rel":"","context":"U &quot;Novosti&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Novosti","link":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/?cat=3"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/hsozkult.png?fit=1006%2C241&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/hsozkult.png?fit=1006%2C241&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/hsozkult.png?fit=1006%2C241&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historiografija.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/hsozkult.png?fit=1006%2C241&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3744"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3744\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3749,"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3744\/revisions\/3749"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiografija.hr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}